The Trolley Car And Morality - 915 Words

Trolley-Cars and Morality Thanks for your participation yesterday in the trolley-car thought experiment. I know the experiment required you to suspend disbelief and imagine a set of conditions that would not likely apply in the â€Å"real† world, but the assumptions built into the thought experiment serve a purpose; they are designed to bring to the surface common moral intuitions that many of us have, and eliciting these moral intuitions helps shed light on Socrates’ method of argument. In the first scenario, an overwhelming majority of us felt that turning onto the sidetrack and killing the one person to spare the five was undoubtedly the right thing to do; however, when the circumstances changed, and we were faced with having to push someone off of the train bridge to abide by the same principle of action—it is better to save more lives than fewer—an overwhelming majority of us were in favor of choosing not to act (choosing inaction) and allowing the five persons working on the track to perish. Although both scenarios entailed choice—either to stay the course or turn onto the side track in scenario one and either to push the man off of the overpass or to refrain and allow the train to proceed—most of us felt like there was something fundamentally different about scenario two; it just did not seem right to push the gentleman off of the train bridge because we were directly involved in the act of pushing him off of the bridge and ending his life. Something seemedShow MoreRelatedThe Trolley Problem Of The Monist1624 Words   |  7 PagesJudith Jarvis Thomson presents an ethical dilemma entitled The Trolley Problem in The Monist. The problem describes a situation in which a trolley car is moving quickly and out of control on a train track towards five people who are tied to the tracks; you have the power to pull a lever, change the direction of the trolley car and save those five people – at the expense of the life of one person who is on the track the car was diverted to (Thomson 1397). The choice to be made is not just aboutRead MoreSelf Driving Cars : Is It All Over The World?886 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-driving cars contain groundbreaking components such as sensors for motion detection, interiors without brakes or pedals, electric batteries, a pre-programed database of how to respond to situations, along with many other features. When â€Å"human error, distracted driving, and so on are responsible for 90 percent or more of car accidents today, and 32,000 plus people die on U.S. roads every year,† (Lin, â€Å"The Robot Car of Tomorrow May Just Be Programmed to Hit You.†) and â€Å"the average American commuterRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1408 Words   |  6 Pagesinstead† (Timmons, 106). Understanding the Utilitarian moral theory is best seen through the Trolley Car scenario. Between deciding if five men die or one man a Utilitarian would always choose the one man because the number of deaths would decrease. The goal of Utilitarianism is to maximize utility. Utility is the amount of happiness created after subtracting the suffering caused by an action. In the Trolley Car example, the action of killing one man is morally acceptable because five lives subtractedRead MoreComputer Technology : The Concepts Of Safety-Critical Software1748 Words   |  7 Pagesdefine the decision making process for robots and AI? As we send them out into the public world, it’s a generally concern that a robot will make the correction decision based on circumstances. 6. Learning activity is addressed to reflect on the morality of decision itself more than trying to explain how the machine should behave to act ethically.(Section 4, Page 42) Generally when a decision is made, we tend to look at why that specific decision was picked. It generally doesn’t matter how the vehicleRead MoreThe Death Of An Oncoming Train Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pages Stepping outside, you breathe in the brisk morning air and decide to take a walk. Your path takes you around the city and you soon find yourself in a trainyard and you make your way past the rails and unhooked train cars. You pause to catch your breath and in the silence, you hear a scream. Down on the tracks below, you see multiple figures struggling, fighting against the bonds to get themselves free. You take a step forward, intent on freeing the people only to pause again as you hear the hornRead MoreVirtual War : Kosovo And Beyond1907 Words   |  8 PagesMichael Ignatieff presents the audience with the potential moral implications of a riskless war, or rather a â€Å"virtual war.† In what follows, I will argue that Ignatieff’s idea of a virtual war is outdated in the sense that, in modern warfare, the morality of a virtual war is circumstantial. Although his argument is outdated, it is still relevant, and I will defend his premise that the ability to fight at a di stance does create a moral problem in modern warfare.    In the post-Vietnam era, the AmericanRead MoreMichael Sandel Video Summary and Analysis Essay2728 Words   |  11 Pagesgreatest good for the greatest number. Both episodes are broken into two parts. Episode 1 is broken into part one: the moral side of murder. He dives into the possibility of having to choose whether five workers should die by hitting them with a trolley car, whose brakes do not work, or steering and choosing to hit and kill one worker on the sidetrack. The second part is titled The Case for Cannibalism. In this part, Sandel explores the outcome of the trial case of the Queen vs Dudley and StephensRead MoreThe Ancient Greek Civilization1781 Words   |  8 Pagesduring the height of the Ancient Greek civilization, is often considered the birthplace of Western Philosophy. During this time period, one of the most famous Greek philosophers, Plato, engaged in debates with other philosophers about the nature of morality. His debates with the Sophists became heated on the matter of relativism and will be the focus of this paper. Relativism promotes the idea that each society or individual determines what is moral or â€Å"right† for that individual or society. To relativistsRead MoreThe Morality Behind Driving Essay Essay2032 Words   |  9 PagesThe Morality Behind Driving In the past several years, technology has become so ubiquitous that it can now be found in parts of our lives that we once believed it would, and could, never play a part in. While the growing presence of technology in our day to day lives suggests a high compatibility, in certain instances, our lives, specifically our ideologies and moral beliefs, seem to conflict with technology. The development of the autonomous car and the ethical and moral dilemmas that can ariseRead MoreProject Av Based On Ethical Issues1850 Words   |  8 PagesSay you’re in the market for a new car and are given the choice between a standard vehicle, or an autonomous vehicle (AV). The typical vehicle you operate and drive yourself, while the AV does that for you, thus allowing you the freedom to do other tasks while in the car. Which would you choose? Personally, a self-driving car sounds extremely time saving. However, before we get too comfortable with the idea of a vehicle that can operate itself, we must consider the ethical issues involved with such

Cool Essay Topics Guide

Cool Essay Topics Guide The Definitive Strategy to Cool Essay Topics The majority of people have written an essay. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a great idea. People today suffer from a deficiency of financial education. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Many history essay topics are too big for a couple pages. Picking out the appropriate topics might take a while in case you don't have a list of sample topics facing you. Remember your final grade significantly is based on the topic. To get you started, we've prepared a comprehensive collection of 100 topics to have you thinking. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Cool Essay Topics Is Wrong Your essay might incorporate the factors for teen pregnancy and talk about the present rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Sure, with this kind of a substantial number of topics to select from, picking just one may be challenging. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you should clearly show your analytical skills. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research online, it's much better to determine what interests you the most. If you're interested in your topic, learning about it's going to be more pleasurable and you'll write with increased passion, so select your topic thoughtfully. It is often as large or as small as it is possible to consider! When it has to do with writing, you always have a chance to learn, and it is far better to learn from the very best of the very best. At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by a person's essay or article, take a close look at it. Naturally, you won't always have a true situation to discuss for each and every topic sometimes you've got to borrow ideas from different people or only apply your imagination. Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too significant. Every one of the ideas above will provide you wi th a chance to reveal your creative side and capacity to talk about your opinion. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. If you want the subject of your history essay, you will delight in doing research for it. There are many possible compare and contrast essay topics, and a number of them are tough to perform. Select an intriguing essay topic, and you're going to start enjoying it. The Battle Over Cool Essay Topics and How to Win It Write about the strangest thing you've ever witnessed in your whole life! Daily writing prompts are among the absolute most helpful techniques to help kids learn to express themselves and that their ideas and ideas matter. Opt for a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make sure that you know a lot about it! Discussing something which you are familiar isn't only more fun but also a great deal simpler. Cool Essay Topics Help! If you're thinking about how to compose a persuasive essay, you have to know that writing an essay is a complicated course of action. In case you were given a task to compose an essay, you should first understand what sort of essay you're expected to write. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is merely a form essay. You also need to constantly work to increase your writing style and produce your essay attractive to read and simple to navigate. The main purpose of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. You should think about a task to locate a theme not an issue but an opportunity and even a benefit. Regardless, it's always a better idea to work with a topic that is especially close to you and that you are in possession of a genuine interest in, rather than just picking a random topic. Naturally, picking the right topic isn't an easy job. Life After Cool Essay Topics You only need to order an excellent essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. Very oft en it becomes tough to choose a single topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. For instance, you can opt for a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. You always intuitively understand as soon as an intriguing essay idea is really the ideal idea for you. Therefore, the topic you select plays a very important function. Man isn't a thing but a creature that could only be understood in the lengthy procedure of development. It's natural that should you lack the essential knowledge on the chosen theme, you're unlikely to come up with a fantastic paper. The War Against Cool Essay Topics Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to accomplish in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. You've got to compose a n informative essay. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. The Basic Facts of Cool Essay Topics If you don't understand how to begin your paper, take a look at our blog and you'll discover a lot of guides to give you a hand. If you've got an interest in gaming, you've got many options in regards to writing essays. There are hundreds and hundreds of sites out there offering essay writing help, and all them claim to be the very best. Remain realistic and pick a topic you are able to research. You may believe that interesting essay titles do all of the work, permitting you to add obvious examples and share ordinary ideas. You might find that lots of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. Explaining how to spend less by employing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. Somewhat similar to the desktop version, which means that you are going to have a couple challenges. A persuasive speech resembles a difficult challenge for many students. Students are accustomed to the simple fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. Occasionally it only appears simple, but lots of students forget about the kind of academic writing they need to stick with. Many students don't have any idea what it is even though it's an average undertaking. Researching any issue about government or laws may get overwhelming because of the intricacy of the issues and even due to the wording of some laws. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. You should research your topic to select three claims. The student should investigate a topic, evaluate evidence, collect, generate, and set a standpoint on this issue in a powerful and concise method.

Case Study Research Report free essay sample

This child was chosen because he reads at least two to three levels above his grade, but on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test he scored below what he was expected to score. I noticed that he had the most trouble in the area of Reading Application. This area consists of main idea, identifying the author’s purpose, making inferences, cause and effect, and compare and contrast. Tutoring sessions will be used to work with each of the specific parts of reading application to see if the student can improve his test scores. This child seems to be exhibiting from some sort of problem in the area of reading, and being the successful educator, this research will help to find a solution to this problem. Literature Review First of all, we need to understand what Qualitative Reading Inventories are. A Qualitative Reading Inventory is a test that is used to test children’s ability to read aloud and retell what has been read. They can be used to identify a child’s instructional level. QRI’s are very helpful in that they show you where children need the most improvement. A teacher can find out the areas of reading that the child needs the most help in. Some teachers use qualitative reading inventories in the classroom every year. It is best to test the children at the beginning of the school year so that you can put them in the appropriate groups. When teaching reading instruction it is best to work with small groups for differentiated instruction. Children learn better when it is a smaller learning setting because more time is spent on that child who may be struggling in reading. Every county has their own educational intervention plans. At some schools, the teachers are required to use the reading intervention program called Voyager. In this program struggling readers are held back from Spanish to get extra help in reading. The program has books and activities that help the children improve phonemic awareness, phonics and also improve their fluency when reading. This program usually helps ninety percent of the students improve their reading skills. Another reason we use qualitative reading inventories is to indicate the conditions in which the child would perform successfully or unsuccessfully in reading. The key reason that the QRI was developed was to help educators see how they can help improve children’s reading abilities. For most of the struggling readers, it shows their strengths and need for evident help in reading. By giving them these assessments, strengths and needs are identified by providing more information about why the child is not reading well. Research shows that when materials are used to judge growth or change in a child’s reading level, the same genre should be used at pre-test and post-test. I researched an article dealing with how you should organize tutorial sessions for struggling readers being that I have to give tutorials over the next couple of weeks. The author, Patricia Edwards, states that â€Å"many of the problems struggling readers encounter while reading stem from distinct yet fundamental sources of difficulty related to the types of text read (print or outline), the tasks or activities readers engage in, and the socio-cultural contexts of reading. † She also says, â€Å"although these problems are as varied as the readers themselves, most struggling readers can be taught to read successfully when instruction is thoughtfully organized with their specific needs I mind. Many articles have been looked at dealing with assessments and how to help struggling learners, these skills and techniques will be applied to find out why this child is having problems in the area of reading. Many different reading inventories will be used to determine if there is a problem and intervention plans will also help the child achieve his goal. Methodology The student â€Å"Stanley Clark† will be used as the case study. Stanley is a ten year old fifth grader that attends North County Elementary School. He does well in Reading and reads at an eighth grade level. In the classroom he seems to be hyper active often. It is hard for him to keep quiet and still for a long time period. It is hard for him to focus on a topic if it does not interest him. Outside of the classroom the child is about the same. He has a three year old brother that he still runs around the house and plays with. His mom thinks that he has not matured to his age level yet. On the other hand, she claims that he is always quick to pick up a book and read it. He typically enjoys reading at home and while at school. He is a child that would rather read a book than go outside and play. He can read a two hundred page chapter book like Shiloh in about an hour and a half. He also enjoys reading books to his little brother. This child is an English speaking student. He comes from a very loving family. Most of his immediate family members are educators, including his mom, two aunts and grandparents. His father is a lawyer. His family spends time with him and his mother also works with him at home with his home learning assignments. His mother says that he reads everyday but the hard part is getting him to comprehend difficult texts and passages. The reason he was chosen was to figure out where his problem is stemming from being that he comes from a good home. Results of Pre-Test, Intervention (Action Plan), and Post-Test Pre-Test Results The first test that was given to Stanley was the spelling assessment. I administered the Elementary Spelling Inventory which consisted of 25 words. Out of 25 words he got a total of 14 words correct. Spelling seems to be one of his weak areas, so this will be one thing that we will work on during the tutoring sessions. The majority of the problems stem from double consonants plural endings and he was very confused with spelling silent letters. The next assessment was the word reading. Since Stanley is a fifth grader I started with level five. He read with 95% accuracy with level five. I moved up to level six and he read with 85% accuracy. Last I moved to the upper middle school level and he read with 65% accuracy so this is where I stopped. Since Stanley read at the high end of the instructional level at level six, I decided to assess his with level six reading passages. He read two stories orally and one story silently. His fluency was at the instructional level because he made few errors while reading. Some of the errors he made were omitted words and pronouncing words incorrectly. When asked to retell what happened in the stories he looked with a puzzled face. He could not recall any facts that he read before. I also noticed that when I was asking him the comprehension questions his mind was elsewhere. He was very distracted even though he was tested in isolation. I think this may have been a factor in why he was not answering the questions or did not remember them. He rarely had any prior knowledge of the topics that were given. He only knew that Abraham Lincoln was a president. His comprehension needs a lot of work because he was not able to recall what happened in the stories. When asked about the main idea he gave me a simple word or two about it. His reading level is independent but his comprehension level is between frustrational and instructional. Stanley shows signs of a child that needs some work in the area of comprehension. Action Plan Rationale The literacy intervention plan that I have created will definitely improve a childs reading abilities. All children have the ability to learn with lots of  practice, studying and hard work. I will show these  great results with improvements with the child by using  my intervention plan. Goal 1: The learner will identify variant correspondences in words by learning how to say and read different vowel patterns and sounds. This was chosen this because the student showed signs of spelling and phonics errors. He has problems with vowel combinations and sounds of certain letters. Goal 2: The learner will gain speed and accuracy by reading texts. This is to improve his reading speed and help to understand what he is reading. Goal 3: The learner be able to use knowledge of antonyms, synonyms, homophones, homographs and context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words. This skill was chosen because if the child understands the meaning of a word then they may be able to better understand what a text means. Goal 4: The learner will use strategies to repair comprehension of grade-appropriate text by rereading, predicting, summarizing, questioning, clarifying and inferring. The child had multiple problems with comprehension. These strategies will help improve his comprehension skills, which was his weakest area in reading. |Monday |Tuesday |Wednesday |Thursday |Friday | |Week 1 |Phonics- diphthong board |Phonics- diphthong bingo |Phonics- sight and sound |Phonics- star |Phonics-vowel digraph | | |game |Fluency- quickly read |sort with diphthongs |search(r-controlled words)|baseball | | |Fluency- reading syllables|affixes |Fluency- practice quickly |Fluency- quickly read word|Fluency- sort and read | | |timed |Vocabulary- antonym |identifying root words ex:|parts |words with same rimes | | |Vocabulary- synonym bingo |dominoes |prefixes and suffixes |Vocabulary- synonym |timed | | |Comprehension- make |Comprehension- sequence |Vocabulary- antonym |antonym creations |Vocabulary- homograph | | |character connections |main events in a story |concentration |Comprehension- answer |hoorah | | | | |Comprehension- write plot |questions related to the |Comprehension- student | | | | |components |story and record |will restate a story | |Week 2 |Phonics-make words using |Phonics- syllable sort |Phonics- mapping syllables|Phonics- sorting silent |Phonics- make | | |different spelling |Fluency- practice reading |Fluency- read chunks timed|letters |R-caterpillars | | |patterns |multisyllabic words |Vocabulary- homophone |Fluency- read phrases |Fluency- practice reading | | |Fluency- quickly read high|Vocabulary- homophone |puzzle |timed |connected text | |frequency words |match |Comprehensio n- locate |Vocabulary- relate new |Vocabulary- dictionary | | |Vocabulary- homograph go |Comprehension- text |details in expository text|vocabulary to prior |cube | | |fish |feature find | |knowledge |Comprehension- cause and | | |Comprehension- write a | | |Comprehension- paraphrase |effect completion | | |summary by using prompts | | |text | | |Week 3 |Phonics- compound |Phonics- make new words by|Phonics- affix sort |Phonics- blending base |Phonics- base word find | | |construction |combining inflectional |Fluency- listen to fluency|words and affixes |Fluency- echo read with | | |Fluency- practice reading |endings |passage |Fluency- echo read with |child (The Rains) | | |with proper phrasing |Fluency- read with |Vocabulary- produce |child (A New Game) |Vocabulary- categorize | | |Vocabulary- defining |expression and intonation |multiple meaning words |Vocabulary- change the |related words | | |depictions- student |Vocabulary- record |Comprehension- fact or |overused words |Compre hension- inference | | |depicts words by drawing |information about words by|opinion game |Comprehension- identifying|innovations | | |pictures that relate to |creating vocabulary flap | |inferences | | | |the meaning |books | | | | | |Comprehension- text |Comprehension- fiction and| | | | | |structure sort |nonfiction find | | | | |Week 4 |Phonics- word-o-matic |Phonics- wild word dominos|Phonics- decoding |Phonics- read double |Phonics- hard and soft c | | |Fluency- read text from |Fluency- read short |unfamiliar words consonant words |and g sort | | |reader’s theater (Grizzly |passage with speed |Fluency- read short |Fluency- read short |Fluency- have child | | |Bear) |(Inspiration) |passage with speed |passage with speed (Peace |evaluate their reading | | |Vocabulary- compare words |Vocabulary- analogy soccer|(Backyard Monument) |and Quiet) |Vocabulary- find, discuss,| | |using 3 way Venn Diagram |Comprehension- use prior |Vocabulary- word |Vocabulary- determine |record, and define words | | |Comprehension- inquisitive|knowledge to comprehend a |substitution (replace |meaning by playing a |in a text | | |inquiries |text(relate a story to |words with one of its |context clues word game |Comprehension- evaluate | | | |students own experience) |synonyms) |Comprehension- read text |use of strategies by | | | | |Comprehension- make and |and stop to answer |having student self assess| | | | |write predictions |questions | | Reflection Week 1 During the first week of the tutoring sessions, I noticed that the child works better with the one on one attention. Stanley does have some areas that still concerned me for example, he gets very distracted easily. He needs to be in a silent area where he can concentrate on what needs to be done. Also, I decided to complete my tutoring sessions in the mid afternoon. This was the wrong thing to do. For the next few weeks of tutoring I will complete the sessions first thing in the morning therefore his brain will be mor e open to learning. For phonics we mainly worked with diphthongs. When explained the different sounds that they make, he was able to put the words together and read them quickly. Part of his problem was he didn’t understand how to break the words into syllables to read them. He did really well with the synonyms and antonyms, this does not seem to be that big of a complication for him. One assignment that we did for comprehension skills: he read the book â€Å"Ira Sleeps Over† and completed a sequence of events. This area took the longest to work through because I had to explain the different parts of the story. Next week I will plan to spend the most time working with comprehension because it seems this is where Stanley needs the most work. Overall I think that the tutoring sessions went well and I think that we both made accomplishments in the area of learning. Reflection Week 2 This was a great week for Stanley and I. I found it to better to work with him in the morning time. His attention span is a lot better during this time and he focuses more. For the Phonics lessons we focused mainly on syllables, r-controlled words and silent letter words. Stanley liked finding out how many syllables make up the different words. For vocabulary, we played with homographs and homophones. He did very well with matching the homophones, he even learned some new vocabulary terms in the process. When we reach the middle of the week he completed a homophone puzzle within five minutes with no problem. I saw that as a great improvement and it made me feel good knowing that I am helping someone. During our first and second fluency lessons, we practiced reading high frequency and multisyllabic words for speed. On an average he read 102 words per minute. When we came to practicing reading phrases and chunked texts he read about forty phrases per minute. I think that this is a big improvement from where he started. I also noticed that he is able to break the words down better to read them now that he knows what sounds the letter patterns make. The last topic comprehension is the most strenuous. On the first couple days we worked on how to determine the summary of a text. This went well for Stanley once I showed him little short cuts that he can take. Next, we worked with locating details in an expository text. This task was a little more challenging for Stanley, so I took the text down two levels and he explained the details a lot better. I noticed this also with paraphrasing a text. It seems difficult for him to explain what is going on in a text if it is boring to him. Next week I will use stories that interest him to better help him to understand it. The last day we worked with cause and effect. He was given a cause or an effect and had to give the opposite of what was given to him. For example, one effect that was given was â€Å"he was late for school. † In response Stanley said the cause could be â€Å"his bus broke down. † The cause and effect completions ran pretty smoothly. I think that a lot of work was accomplished this week in helping Stanley reach his goal. Reflection Week 3 This week during the tutoring sessions I could see a lot of improvement in Stanley. He seemed more eager to want to learn and was very exciting to know what we were going to be working with. For phonics we began with making compound words. At first he could not think of any until I named a couple, then he could not stop naming them. We also worked with prefixes and suffixes. He was amazed when he saw that one word can have a prefix and a suffix in it. For example the word disinfected has dis- as the prefix -ed as the suffix making infect the base word. He loved identifying the base words. With fluency we worked with reading with the proper phrasing and showing expression. This was a problem at first because he read with fluency but he showed no emotion. I modeled a couple of passages and he echo read with me. Once we practiced everyday he got the hang of it and was able to show more feeling when he read. Our vocabulary lessons this week were a breeze. Stanley made vocabulary flap books using words that confused him. Then he was able to change worn out words to give a better one. Instead of saying good he gave me awesome. The next day he categorized groups of words and told me what they had in common. Our last subject was working with improving his comprehension skills. He was knowledgeable about the different genres of literature. We browsed several books and he was able to recognize if it was a fiction or nonfiction book. Then we played a fact and opinion game. I could not fool Stanley he was able to tell all of the facts from the opinions. He told me that a fact has to be proven to be true and an opinion is what someone thinks. The last two days we worked on identifying inferences. He had a little trouble with this skill on the first day. It was difficult for him to tell what he thought about some of the ideas. For example, he was not sure of the job of a man who measures wood and uses a saw to cut it. But on the second day of working with inferences he did a much better job. This tells me that when someone practices they will eventually get the job done right. Both Stanley and I are looking forward to the last week of learning and to see how much of an improvement he has made. Refection Week 4 Once this week began, Stanley was very excited because he knew that it was the last week of the tutoring sessions. This week went kind of fast, I guess because Stanley was excited and also that he was catching on to the skills. In Phonics this week, we worked with recognizing words with double consonants and hard and soft c and g. We he understood the sounds that c and g made it helped him to read the words better. With fluency we read some short passages and a couple of reader’s theaters. He enjoyed reading the reader’s theaters because it gave him a chance to express his feelings and emotions. I allowed him to take the reader’s theater passages home with him. I noticed that he picked up on his reading speed and understanding what he read. Vocabulary did not take long at all he said that working with this subject was the best of all. He seems to enjoy decoding words and figuring out the meanings. He can give a better word for an overused word. The last subject was comprehension which I was worried about the most. We continued with working with inferences which he had a small problem with last week. He did a great job this week. He was able to make a inference within a minute about the topic. In the end he evaluated his comprehension skills by using the strategies that he learned over the weeks. He noticed that he can make better predictions, and identify the main idea of a selection. I think that Stanley has made a big accomplishment over the past four weeks and I will notice it on the post- test. Post-Test Results The Elementary Spelling Inventory that was re-administered to Stanley showed a great improvement. The first time it was administered he got a total of 14 words correct out of 25. When he took the test again he made an improvement by getting 17 words correct. For the most part there was improvement because with the words that were incorrect were simple spelling errors where letters were switched around. During the tutoring sessions he worked on silent letters and vowel pairs. This helped him understand why some words are spelled the way that they are. When he was given the word reading this time we went right to the sixth grade level since he was at 95% accuracy at the fifth grade level. This time he went up scoring 90% accuracy and at the independent reading level. We went up one level again to the middle school level and he read at 85% accuracy which was at the top of the instructional level. Next Stanley read the same two passages orally and one passage silently. He made a comment that he read those stories already and why does he have to read them again. This is what may have helped him because he was familiar with the stories. He made improvement reading the passages at the independent level making few errors. His comprehension improved also when answering the questions. He was able to recall many details that happened in the passages this time. He scored at the instructional level answering the questions. It was very noticeable that he did better answering the explicit than the implicit questions. This time he was making errors because he was trying to read too fast. Some of the errors he made were omitted words and pronouncing words incorrectly. When he was asked to retell a few of the stories he was able to with about 50% of the facts that happened in the passage. This was a great improvement because before the tutoring sessions began he was unable to recall any facts. This time he was given a listening comprehension assessment. The results showed that Stanley tuned out after the first paragraph. He could not remember anything that happened from the passage. This tells that he does better with comprehension when reading the story himself rather than listening to it.

Women In The State Essays - Feminist Theory,

Women In The State The purpose of this paper is to define the different types of feminism and describe whether there is still potential for a unified consensus among the different feminist groups. The four main types of feminism can be separated into the following categories: liberal, radical, socialist and identity. These types of feminism may be easily divided academically, but there are many aspects that people consider from all angles to form their own opinion. The following is a description and general understanding of the movements mentioned. First, the idea of liberal feminism sees all people as equal; therefore there should be equality for all. They see sexism as dysfunctional because it deprives society of one-half of its creative work force. Oppression exists because of our socialization process with education being the primary aspect. Liberalism emphasizes mans ability to be rational, setting them apart from other creatures and therefore deeming them worthy or rights. Liberal feminists recognize the importance or rights and seek a system of equal rights for men and women. A central idea of liberalism that has been includes a belief in the equal rights of all human beings and a faith in educated human reason. (MacIvor 40) Education, being a key to recognizing equality, is one of the prime aspects of liberal feminism. Its believed that women were equal to men in natural intelligence, and only appeared to be inferior because they were denied a proper education. (40) Overall women are as intelligent as men but are depriv ed of equal rights and opportunities because of education and reason. Now reason itself is a key concept within the school of liberal feminism. Reason is a higher quality, separate from and superior to the body. Reason is also an individual quality; hence the liberal focus on the individual person. (41) Liberal feminist strive to focus the mainstream of ideas towards the idea of accepting womens reason as much as man giving the ultimate view of individualism and freedom without bias towards sex. Some examples of liberal feminist ideas are campaigns for equal pay, employment equity and greater female representation in politics. The second type of feminist approach that is recognized in this paper is the radical feminist approach. In radical feminist theory, the oppression of women is seen as the root of all other power inequalities in society. There are many diverse actions and views that can be considered radical but one there are some common threads as well that hold together the radical view. First all radical feminists agree that distinction of gender, based on sex, structure virtually every aspect of our lives and are indeed are so all-pervasive that ordinarily they go quite unrecognized. (46) The goal of radical feminists is to ensure that women are aware of these distinctions of gender exist and that they injure women in all parts of their lives. It is important for them to know that men are the oppressors and men derive their concrete benefits from their oppression of women. Because of this, radical feminists must struggle to achieve liberation. Another distinction within the radical feminist views is the fact that the radicals believe that women have a unique sexual and reproductive power. In other words womens ability to give birth is a unique power that leads to enforced powerlessness at the hands of men. (47) On the other hand, radical feminists have argued that men weaken women and because the physical demand that men have towards childbirth. Men understand that pregnancy is formed ultimately by their power, and with this, the root of womens oppression is established. One downfall of this type of thought is that with the continual growth of evolution in the economic and public sphere, it seems that most of the women are middle class educated white women. Radical view has not dealt very well with the issues of race and class and cannot differentiate between the class types that our economy holds. It cannot tell us about the economic difference or exploitations of women in the state. Overall, radical feminism is bound and contained by the biological aspects of womens lives and fails to consider the social aspect of women oppression. Social feminism can be considered an almost

To what extent was Britain a democracy by 1900 essays

To what extent was Britain a democracy by 1900 essays To What Extent was Britain a Democracy by 1900? In order to answer the question: to what extent was Britain a democracy by 1900, we have to first define what a democracy actually is. Features of democracy are: when all adults are able to vote for the party of their choice without fear of corruption, when there is a secret ballot which ensured fair elections, when all parts of the country are represented equally, when each person in different classes of society are allowed their own representatives and when there are a variety of parties which follow differing ideals. In looking at each of these aspects of democracy we can decide whether or not Britain was a true democracy in 1900. In 1850, only 4% of the entire population of Britain could vote to control who sat in The House of Lords. These were mainly people who owned their own homes or land. This meant that only the upper classes were getting to choose who was representing the country in important matters. The existence of corruption also complicated matters further as people knew that despite the fact that they were voting for the leader of their choice, there were still people being paid to vote for the party bribing them. This also lead to the overrepresentation of small areas of Britain and the South of England. There were also restrictions on people who could successfully become an MP and since MPs were not being paid large amounts there were few people who wanted to leave their reasonable paid jobs to become MPs. Also the only parties which were available at the time were the Whigs and the Tories who only represented the middle and upper classes which casts doubt on the fact that Britain was on the path to democracy. There were changes to the franchise however between 1850 and 1900 which did indeed lead towards democracy. The percentage of men who could vote increased from 33% to 66%, a massive jump. After 1884, every single adult male was ...

Definition and Examples of Essays or Compositions

Definition and Examples of Essays or Compositions The term essay comes from the French for trial or attempt. French author  Michel de Montaigne coined the term when he assigned the title Essais to his first publication in 1580. In Montaigne: A Biography (1984), Donald Frame notes that Montaigne often used the verb essayer (in modern French, normally to try) in ways close to his project, related to experience, with the sense of trying out or testing. An essay is a short work of nonfiction, while a writer of essays is called an essayist. In writing instruction, essay is often used as another word for composition. In an essay, an authorial voice  (or narrator) typically invites an implied reader  (the audience) to accept as authentic a certain textual mode of experience.   Definitions and Observations [An essay is a] composition, usually in prose.., which may be of only a few hundred words (like Bacons Essays) or of book length (like Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding) and which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of topics.(J.A. Cuddon, Dictionary of Literary Terms. Basil, 1991)Essays are how we speak to one another in print - caroming thoughts not merely in order to convey a certain packet of information, but with a special edge or bounce of personal character in a kind of public letter.(Edward Hoagland, Introduction, The Best American Essays: 1999. Houghton, 1999)[T]he essay traffics in fact and tells the truth, yet it seems to feel free to enliven, to shape, to embellish, to make use as necessary of elements of the imaginative and the fictive - thus its inclusion in that rather unfortunate current designation creative nonfiction.(G. Douglas Atkins, Reading Essays: An Invitation. University of Georgia Press, 2007) Montaignes Autobiographical EssaysAlthough Michel de Montaigne, who fathered the modern essay in the 16th century, wrote autobiographically (like the essayists who claim to be his followers today), his autobiography was always in the service of larger existential discoveries. He was forever on the lookout for life lessons. If he recounted the sauces he had for dinner and the stones that weighted his kidney, it was to find an element of truth that we could put in our pockets and carry away, that he could put in his own pocket. After all, Philosophy - which is what he thought he practiced in his essays, as had his idols, Seneca and Cicero, before him - is about learning to live. And here lies the problem with essayists today: not that they speak of themselves, but that they do so with no effort to make their experience relevant or useful to anyone else, with no effort to extract from it any generalizable insight into the human condition.(Cristina Nehring, What’s Wrong With the American Essay. Truthdig, Nov. 29, 2007) The Artful Formlessness of the Essay[G]ood essays are works of literary art. Their supposed formlessness is more a strategy to disarm the reader with the appearance of unstudied spontaneity than a reality of composition. . . .The essay form as a whole has long been associated with an experimental method. This idea goes back to Montaigne and his endlessly suggestive use of the term essai for his writing. To essay is to attempt, to test, to make a run at something without knowing whether you are going to succeed. The experimental association also derives from the other fountain-head of the essay, Francis Bacon, and his stress on the empirical inductive method, so useful in the development of the social sciences.(Phillip Lopate, The Art of the Personal Essay. Anchor, 1994) Articles vs. Essays[W]hat finally distinguishes an essay from an article may just be the authors gumption, the extent to which personal voice, vision, and style are the prime movers and shapers, even though the authorial I may be only a remote energy, nowhere visible but everywhere present.(Justin Kaplan, ed. The Best American Essays: 1990. Ticknor Fields, 1990)I am predisposed to the essay with knowledge to impart - but, unlike journalism, which exists primarily to present facts, the essays transcend their data, or transmute it into personal meaning. The memorable essay, unlike the article, is not place or time-bound; it survives the occasion of its original composition. Indeed, in the most brilliant essays, language is not merely the medium of communication; it is communication.(Joyce Carol Oates, quoted by Robert Atwan in The Best American Essays, College Edition, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, 1998)I speak of a genuine essay because fakes abound. Here the old-fashioned term poetaste r may apply, if only obliquely. As the poetaster is to the poet - a lesser aspirant - so the average article is to the essay: a look-alike knockoff guaranteed not to wear well. An article is often gossip. An essay is reflection and insight. An article often has the temporary advantage of social heat - whats hot out there right now. An essays heat is interior. An article can be timely, topical, engaged in the issues and personalities of the moment; it is likely to be stale within the month. In five years it may have acquired the quaint aura of a rotary phone. An article is usually Siamese-twinned to its date of birth. An essay defies its date of birth - and ours, too. (A necessary caveat: some genuine essays are popularly called articles - but this is no more than an idle, though persistent, habit of speech. Whats in a name? The ephemeral is the ephemeral. The enduring is the enduring.)(Cynthia Ozick, SHE: Portrait of the Essay as a Warm Body. The Atlantic Monthly, September 1998) The Status of the EssayThough the essay has been a popular form of writing in British and American periodicals since the 18th century, until recently its status in the literary canon has been, at best, uncertain. Relegated to the composition class, frequently dismissed as mere journalism, and generally ignored as an object for serious academic study, the essay has sat, in James Thurbers phrase, on the edge of the chair of Literature.In recent years, however, prompted by both a renewed interest in rhetoric and by poststructuralist redefinitions of literature itself, the essay - as well as such related forms of literary nonfiction as biography, autobiography, and travel and nature writing - has begun to attract increasing critical attention and respect.(Richard Nordquist, Essay, in Encylopedia of American Literature, ed. S. R. Serafin. Continuum, 1999) The Contemporary EssayAt present, the American magazine essay, both the long feature piece and the critical essay, is flourishing, in unlikely circumstances...There are plenty of reasons for this. One is that magazines, big and small, are taking over some of the cultural and literary ground vacated by newspapers in their seemingly unstoppable evaporation. Another is that the contemporary essay has for some time now been gaining energy as an escape from, or rival to, the perceived conservatism of much mainstream fiction...So the contemporary essay is often to be seen engaged in acts of apparent anti-novelization: in place of plot, there is drift or the fracture of numbered paragraphs; in place of a frozen verisimilitude, there may be a sly and knowing movement between reality and fictionality; in place of the impersonal author of standard-issue third-person realism, the authorial self pops in and out of the picture, with a liberty hard to pull off in fiction.(James Wood, Reality Effec ts. The New Yorker, Dec. 19 26, 2011) The Lighter Side of Essays: The Breakfast Club Essay AssignmentAll right people, were going to try something a little different today. We are going to write an essay of not less than a thousand words describing to me who you think you are. And when I say essay, I mean essay, not one word repeated a thousand times. Is that clear, Mr. Bender?(Paul Gleason as Mr. Vernon)Saturday, March 24, 1984Shermer High SchoolShermer, Illinois 60062Dear Mr. Vernon,We accept the fact that we had to sacrifice a whole Saturday in detention for whatever it was we did wrong. What we did was wrong. But we think youre crazy to make us write this essay telling you who we think we are. What do you care? You see us as you want to see us - in the simplest terms, in the most convenient definitions. You see us as a brain, an athlete, a basket case, a princess and a criminal. Correct? Thats the way we saw each other at seven oclock this morning. We were brainwashed...But what we found out is that each one of us i s a brain and an athlete and a basket case, a princess, and a criminal. Does that answer your question?Sincerely yours,The Breakfast Club(Anthony Michael Hall as Brian Johnson, The Breakfast Club, 1985)

Levine's Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Levine's Argument - Essay Example of ethnicity varies across the world, depending upon the political context; despite its modern political definition of self-defined communities seeking their own political space, not necessarily statehood. For example tribalism in parts of Africa, or color in the Eurocentric view of ethnicity are entirely different concepts. A set of propositions have been provided as an inventory – focusing on consciousness of separateness that leads to an ethnic identity amongst various populations. However the relationship of such concepts to the sources of ethnic conflict is far less certain, particularly in view of economics and Marxian class struggle which is often inherent in such conflicts. The stages and paths of ethnic conflicts are described next, with the admission these factors often remain obscure and difficult to generalize. In most cases, if the roots and sources are analyzed retrospectively, a conflict goes through early stages when the respective parties take their position – to a final stage when the conflict has got out of control. What often complicates the situation are those instances where single incidents sparked off ethnic violence e.g. Ayodhya in India (1992) and the Rwandan plane crash (1994). Biological models of ontogeny and life paths are referred to, with incipient, plateau and open stages in an attempt to identify the best points to intervene as well as define a conflict in its evolutionary perspective rather than empirical models of causality. The third important point that has been raised is the fact that ethnicity and ethnic conflicts are often best defined during the phase of intervention by mediators in an attempt to solve it. Every such conflict has its unique features, whether governments are involved or not, whether the conflicting parties themselves want to resolve a dispute or aim for a disruption in their social and geographical ties, and critically who tries to intervene. The nature of the intervention also varies with the

The challenges and opportunities of BMW Assignment

The challenges and opportunities of BMW - Assignment Example After conducting a thorough review of the literature it has been established that in order to offer high speed, sporty and designer cars to customers the company is neglecting the EU emission norms. There has been several news of the company taking political support to escape penalties and norms immorally. However, strict legal framework is compelling them towards thinking about other opportunities. In this backdrop a qualitative research has been conducted to know about customers’ perception and buying interest after knowing about the challenge. Primary data has been collected through a questionnaire survey among a sample size of 20 respondents. It was found that though customers check size, style, brand name and colour first, when it comes to buying a car but they would not prefer to buy a vehicle which does not meet legal emission standards. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Background 4 1.2 Research Problem 4 1.3 Research Objectives 4 1.4 Research Questions 5 SECTION 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Ajax Minerals and Perrier Essay Example for Free

Ajax Minerals and Perrier Essay Ajax Minerals and Perrier 1. Identify two (2) sources of resistance to change in the Ajax Minerals exercise and describe how the organization dealt with each type of resistance. Ajax mining association had been trying their hardest all the way, it also has confronted a few issues. The administration had been seeing that in the middle of three to four years, Pacific Rim association could mine alongside shipping comparative Minerals to US and such things could present more prominent rivalry for the Ajax. The administration has been ready to do something on sudden premise even though it has confronted a few difficulties. Since there had been the correspondence hole among the administration and laborers, by this way specialists didnt give a second thought of the current position of the association alongside those difficulties, which the administration had been confronting. Management saw danger alongside simply that they had been mindful about that. Managers alongside of the rest of the specialists of the associations who had been chipping away at hourly premise may not see such risk about rivalry. Also they had been of the conviction that the associations had been running in the remarkable position along with them and there had been no trouble being confronted through Management. They may very well see that associations work had been going round the clock and in addition this had been profiting inside the business. Second issue, which the association had been confronting at the risky stage, had been poorer relationship among Management furthermore work. There had been the history in the Ajax of terrible run changes. Pessimism stirs inside the working group alongside there had not been backing from any side to anyone. Situation deteriorated thereafter, that even while Management has chosen of doing anything of that,  laborers used getting suspicious of Managements choices alongside they may start suspecting that associations had been going to influence them most exceedingly bad either with respect to pay or as to alternate offices. On account of those issues, Management realized that, whatever choice they have been taking, at completion of laborers couldnt favor of working with the association alongside they could leave. Administration may overcome such trouble exactly when administrators alongside specialists may comprehend this situation. Thusly Ajax Management started building the connectio n inside directors alongside administrators through having the intuitive sessions including both. In the past, Management has taken choices without including anyone from laborers side (Jeffrey, 2012). Later for keeping those prior mix-ups alongside for building the certainty inside those specialists, they have done those smart sessions and additionally in the middle of those sessions they have talked about stories of rest of different associations. They have taken after the Open book approach in that they have given the right to gain entrance towards information of the fiscal execution to the workers of Ajax. It turned into the routine practice in which directors, managers alongside specialists may meet week after week and in addition impart its exhibitions. Those practices assembled the fresher kind of participation with laborers of association. 2. Identify two (2) sources of resistance to change in the Perrier case study and describe how the organization dealt with each type of resistance. Perrier association has brought numerous choices alongside Nestle purchased Perrier. More up to date Management of the Nestle brought a few choices alongside rolled out specific improvements in example of work for keeping up improvement of the association (Austin, 2012). There have been a few focuses that have assumed part about safety in progressions brought through the Perrier association. More current administration of the Nestle has watched the current circumstance of the association alongside has attempted to settle association. Since administration had completely separate the laborers, there had been a lesser correspondence among Management and additionally workers. Administration has presented numerous changes such as that they didnt educate their workers of the progressions inside creation alongside the rest of the progressions. Whats more, their representatives felt that such changes had not been mandatory for development of the association  furthermore they had not been prepared to convey comparative execution in past. The majority of their workers felt that those unnecessary changes in generation alongside the rest of the fields may improve its workload. Workers saw negative effects of those progressions on a few variables like its status, rewards, pay rates, choices and a lot of people more. The representatives had identified with the progressions for thems elves and how it had influencing them, separated from with impacts for achievement of the business. Second real safety in change had been the nearby mindedness of association’s parts, which fail to offer the improvement alongside collaboration. General choice making from administration has side influenced laborers severely, which they started averting dangers to association, alongside separated they got aware of its individual preferences alongside dangers that had been relied upon to them. Such thing has influenced choice making criteria alongside it has constructed the negative thinking inside representatives against administration. There had been a prerequisite for Management for corresponding with laborers alongside the rest of the parts unmistakably of changes that have been being created inside the association. Results of above-termed resistances had been brought through association. Real result had been lying being developed of the transitional space inside the laborers alongside Management. Since Perrier association had now been possessed through Nestle also there ha d been the hole among the two managements concerning the working circumstance, society and countries, by that way those things need to be conveyed inside all parts accordingly, and that could be the principle focused on advancement for effective business. Such thing has helped Management to know imperativeness of social contrasts, which have not been immaterial alongside may not be disregarded. Consequently, Management has understood that differences has in this manner been the fundamental alongside the essential component being developed alongside achievement of its association even in the middle of the fringes. 3. Compare and contrast how management diagnosed and approached change at the two (2) companies and indicate which company dealt with resistance to change in a more effective manner. Justify the reasoning. Execution of both associations may be diagnosed all things considered: As Management had completely adjusted with the situation of Perrier association and there had been the trouble in framing the communication with specialists for  Management, consequently Management first took choice of wiping out the correspondence hole. They have attempted of developing the solid relationship with laborers thusly that they had been ri ght for building the certainty inside them alongside getting their one hundred percent productivity. Ajax Minerals went past its cutoff points. They realized that the association with Management alongside laborers had not been, best case scenario subsequently they furthermore attempted to construct correspondence among their Management alongside specialists through doing week by week gatherings with the specialists and additionally directors. Be that as it may they have examined few more data with its specialists, which for the most part no association does. They have demonstrated their money related execution information to the specialists for making them effectively comprehend its available position inside business. Both of associations Managements took very compelling choices according to its situations alongside they attempted of fathoming their present issues for leaving trouble. On the other hand, as per my assumption, Management of Ajax has improved concerning choice making. Purpose for that has been that Management of Ajax has manufactured the long haul relationship with dir ectors alongside laborers. They took the whole group along in every choice making procedure furthermore keep whole group mindful about the progressions, which they had been going to make. They started doing week by week gatherings with specialists, which had been very mandatory in building the solid correspondence with the workers and through that, laborers got to improve its certainty inside the Management. They brought their chance alongside acted according to thusly there had been no idea about pessimism of administration. Second best thing, which Ajax Management had done, is examining the budgetary execution among specialists. As it has been bit dangerous however to increase complete certainty of the laborers in the harder situation, those sorts of activities have been necessary. Side by side with those deliberations, Ajax Management has vault one more exertion in talking about execution alongside methodologies of the rest of the associations in such a harder situation consequently, to the point that specialists got to know of needs of Management along with that those that had not been difficult to satisfy in conclusion. 4. Consider a situation as a consultant wit h Ajax Management. Propose two (2) adjustments that should  be made to improve its change strategy and provide a justification as to why those adjustments would improve the effectiveness of the strategy. Being the advisor of the Ajax Management, I ought to propose those alterations towards the changed methodology. The primary thing, which makes issues have been the absence of mindfulness about issues of the associations inside specialists. Also, it has been the reason specialists dont incline toward of giving the extra work in any situation. I may lean toward of keeping laborers completely mindful about all situations, which have been confronted through association, not just with issues however with certain positive viewpoints about association additionally. Side by side, they must be furnished with the data of every laborer alongside their exhibitions through doing week by week gatherings. They must talk about focuses on that they have been ready to accomplish alongside for the most elevated targets, they must be given the high remunerates with respect to rewards accordingly that they would not have any issue with Management. Second conformity, which I need to propose, has been that there must be benevolent society among laborers, chiefs and Management. Purpose behind that has been that, when there has been the inviting society among them, there could be no negative considering anyone furthermore of the Management alongside their choices. Administration may feel free while taking choices and also laborers could feel free of climbing any grumble when they have any issue as to choices of Management, separated from that giving the abdication letter. 5. Consider a situation as a consultant with Perrier. Propose at least two (2) adjustments that should be made to improve its change strategy and provide a justification as to why those adjustments would increase the effectiveness of the strategy. Being expert with the Perrier, I may propose those changes for upgrading the change method of association. Since Perrier has been the association having completely separate society, having separate working criteria alongside laborers in examination to the Nestle, I could have proposed that much in the wake of fusing with the Nestle, Perrier must keep choice making force with itself. As Perriers individual Management realizes that their specialists alongside its attitude matches with each other alongside being its individual supervisor, Management couldnt take any choice, which could hurt the preferences alongside offices, which have given to their representatives at expense of the association. In actuality,  worker could likewise not have any protest on choices taken through Management as they realize that those have been choices taken through its individual Management alongside them couldnt provide for its laborers any mischief. On account of that, specialists couldnt lose its enthusiasm toward function and Management furthermore they could be working with a great deal more enthusiasm and also potential for bringing the association out of the awful situation. Both, Management alongside laborers may fabricate inspirational state of mind of each an alternate alongside no cynicism could influence gainfulness and in addition advancement of the association (Tomlin son, 2004). Second principle step, which I may take being the specialist of association, I could favor taking every choice of the association after dialog and in addition aggregate supposition from all specialists alongside Management parts. As this has not been attainable to examine every choice among all laborers, accordingly for the representatives union in control must be termed and in addition Management must talk about matter among him furthermore his assessment should, whats more, be given inclination. Such thing would help the association bringing viable choices alongside would assemble the certainty inside their representatives of their choices of progressions and also workers would be intrigued of working with full certainty. This report portrays how safety may harm choice making methodology of any association however how the compelling Management may tackle every one of those Management issues. The best Management has been the particular case that brings all laborers alongside Managem ent parts along and also redirects all its exertions towards positive bearing for creating the association and side by side specialists. References Austin, A. (2012). Management 6681. Problems at Perrier. SAGE learning. Jeffrey, H. (2012). Change Management: The people side of change, paperback edition. Prosci Learning Center Publications. Tomlinson, R. (2004). Waters at Perrier. Retrieved from: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/11/29/8192716/index.htm

Josef Muller Brockmann and His Work Essay examples -- graphic design, t

Josef Muller Brockmann was born in Rapperswil, a city in Switzerland, on May 9th, 1914. After the completion of his secondary education in Rapperswil, he started working in Zurich as a designer in 1930. Being one of the leading pioneers, he was considered one of the most talented and very influential design artists. In 1936, Muller established his own design practice in Zurich where he specialized in design, graphics and photography. His first poster was designed in 1950. He succeeded Ernst Keller in 1957 as a teacher of graphics design at kunstgewerbeschule of Zurich. He later founded the Muller-Brockmann in 1967. He lectured the international design conference, the world design conference and the University of Osaka. Muller Brockmann is the author of the several other books like the graphic artist and his design problems, The History of Visual Communication, and The History of the Poster and Grid System in Graphic Design. Muller was influenced by several other designs and art like Constructivism and the Bauhaus. With his reputation and the known experience, Muller was regarded the best designer earned his reputation in Switzerland and other parts of the world. In his design explaining the friendly hand sign, Muller had the attraction of the accidents that were quit common. The design is very attractive in the sense that all the elements that can easily cause accidents are covered in it (Philip and Alston 2011). It gives a clear tableau of the typical accident cause scenario. Equally, the design creates an awareness of the proper road use since it shows the cyclists and the motors using the little space for a very dangerous operation. Accidents had since been considered the most death cause in the country. In his bid to control ... ...y find its solutions from the simple given design. It cuts across every problem. The indicated problem is of direct effect to the society and requires their attention. The explicit motive and attraction of the given design are well considered in the design itself (Carter et al.2012). Works Cited Ellen Lupton. Thinking with type: A Primer for Designers: A Critical Guide for Designers, Writers, Editors and Students. New York: Association of American Publishers, 2004. Print. Ellen M. Thomson. The Origin of Graphic Design in America. New York: Yale University Press, 1997. Web. 20 December, 2007. Philip B. Meggs, and Alston W. Purvis. Meggs’ History of Graphic Design. New York: Association of American Publishers, 2011. Print. Rob Carter, Ben Day, and Philip B. Meggs. Topographic Design: Form and Communication. New York: Association of American Publishers, 2012. Print.

Disolving stress living The Present

Stress is the emotional, mental and physical response to the ever changing environment; in an attempt to adapt to the new outer circumstances, the person produces stress. Stress itself is not good neither bad, since our bodies are designed to produce stress. I keep us alert and active. The problem starts when we cross the limit of disturbance and make it chronic; this is when we feel stress about situations that don’t require such an alterative state of mind.Stress is present in our society, especially in the big cities and capitals where is aggravated by the noise, traffic and long distances. Stress can be cause by anything that requires a person to adjust to a new situation and this depend on how every person takes an event, since every human being is unique, there are so many ways of experiencing stress and the causes that can produce it. In a certain way, stress is necessary to live, but if not controlled; it can disturb seriously the person who suffers it.Young women face higher risks of stress, especially the working ones but it seems the damaging effects of stress on them is minimised by the fact that they speak out about it; on the contrary, men seem to keep it for themselves. Lately it seems stress is starting to affect even children and teenagers; some suggest they may be â€Å"learning† it from their parents. Also, White race seems more sensitive to stress than Black and Asian race and the more educated is a person, the more stress can experience. For stress management has nothing to do with intellectual learning but experimental, is an attitude towards life.Maybe the reason is that the most educated have a very high sense of must, while the non- educated is not aware of the opportunities that is missing (not involved in the rat race). Personally, what I learnt about stress is that is almost impossible to get rid of it by itself, is necessary to apply consciousness in order to become calmer, quieter, try to live the moment and not live in the future nor in the past but let life just to unfold itself, day by day, and solve the issues that the moment brings, when they come to light (not try to solve them in mind before they happen).In order to review the literature on stress and describe both the processes and sources of stress, as well as methods for coping, a literature search was conducted which identified 3 studies that were relevant to the questions in this paper, one of them about the work related stress, another on relation between mindfulness and stress and another on relation between breast cancer and stress. RESULTS Stress could be then thought of as an exaggerated reaction of the body that acts upon an external circumstance on a non proportional way.It causes emotional suffering to the person who carries it and it can even develop in depression. The physiological reactions are nervousness physical upsetting, tiredness, etc.. Therefore, meditation proves very successful in the treatment of stress. Also, a realistic view of life can help, avoiding living on desires or sheer of imagination. Also Bach flowers may help without having to suffer any side effects.

Home School Community Plan

Home School Community Plan: The Home School Community Plan is based on the principle of partnership between homes, schools and communities. This partnership is characterised as â€Å"a working relationship that is characterised by a sense of purpose, mutual respect and the willingness to negotiate. This implies a sharing of information, responsibility, skills, decision-making and accountability†. (Pugh, 1989). Family-involvement programs are an effective way to facilitate partnerships between the home and the school.Programs developed by school personnel can provide a forum for parents and children to experience learning in an atmosphere quite different from the usual classroom setting. Locations for the interaction might include the school library, cafeteria, or multi-purpose room. Evening programs may take place outside the school in other community buildings. Children and parents are encouraged to participate in a series of evening activities during which they explore scien ce ideas.During the exploration, teachers take on the role of facilitator and encourage the families to look at familiar things in a different way. Families are encouraged to discover something again, for the first time. The science does not have to be high-tech or complicated. The equipment should not be sophisticated. The goal is to demystify science, to promote the notion that everyone is a scientist and everyone can do science. The content of the session should take a back seat to the promotion of the process skills.Observation, measurement, prediction, experimentation, data collection and interpretation, classification, and so on are lifelong skills that can be useful in many different contexts. Use of everyday materials will encourage families to continue their journey through the discovery process at home. Parents will soon see that their attitudes toward science have changed, and this change will ultimately impact the attitudes of their children. Children will benefit from s eeing their parents enjoying the problem-solving process.Sharing a fun-filled learning experience with their parents sends a subliminal message to children that we are all lifelong learners and that learning can be fun. Community Involvement Community support is an outgrowth of family-involvement programs. Community awareness fosters a positive belief about the school and the effectiveness of the teachers. The positive community attitude toward education often manifests itself in ways that are very important to the school community, such as the passing of school budgets, win-win negotiations of teacher contracts, and the public's feeling of pride in the municipality.Communication between the school and the community is critical to a successful relationship, as is the case in any relationship. In today's highly technological world, communication should be relatively easy to facilitate but is sometimes neglected. Some schools have set up voice-mail systems on which there is a way for parents to access school information. The information may include notices of school programs, homework hotline information, or PTA news. Usually there is a way to leave messages for individual teachers as well.Another way for the community to work closely with the school is through community volunteers. When we provide a way for non-school personnel to come into the classroom, we give parents the opportunity to recognize and respond to the problems that the classroom teacher faces every day. With increased understanding comes mutual respect. Parents are given the opportunity to volunteer their time working with students who can make significant gains when given a little more individual attention.Parents see how they can make a difference in the classroom by helping the teacher as an additional facilitator of learning. Parents who volunteer should participate in an orientation session designed to outline the role of parents in the classroom. Various options can be explored, and paren ts can choose how they feel they can best help. Suggestions range from working behind the scenes, shopping for and packaging materials that may be used in a science or math class, to working with individual students on reading skills, word recognition, or editing of writing assignments.The aims are: * To maximise active participation of the children in the schools of the scheme in the learning process, in particular those who might be at risk or failure * To promote active co-operation between home, school and relevant community agencies in promoting the educational interests of the children * To raise awareness in parents of their own capacities to enhance their children's educational progress and to assist them in developing relevant skills. To enhance the children's uptake from education, their retention in the educational system, their continuation to post-compulsory education and to third level and their attitudes to life-long learning * To disseminate the positive outcomes of the scheme throughout the school system generally. General principles govern the operation of this partnership scheme: * The scheme consists of a partnership and collaboration of the complementary skills of parents and teachers. * The scheme is unified and integrated at both primary and second levels. The thrust of the scheme is preventative rather than curative. * The focus of the scheme is on the adults whose attitudes and behaviours clash on the lives of children, namely, parents and teachers. * The basis of activities in the scheme is the identification of needs and having those needs met. * The scheme develops teacher and staff attitudes in the areas of partnership and the â€Å"whole-school† approach. * The scheme promotes the fostering of self-help and independence. * Home visitation is a crucial element in establishing bonds of trust with families. Networking with and promoting the co-ordination of the work of voluntary and statutory agencies increases effectiveness, obviates duplication and leads to an integrated delivery of service to marginalised children and their families. * Home/School/Community liaison is a full time undertaking. * The liaison co-ordinator is an agent of change. * Community ‘ownership' of the scheme is promoted through the development of local committees. Parents While the primary purpose of the scheme is the promotion of partnership in the children's learning, parents frequently identify needs which are not directly concerned with their children's education.Meeting those identified needs is a critical factor in the development of parents' awareness of their capacities and in fostering their self-confidence. Scheme activities which meet parent's needs include:- * home visitation with the objective of establishing bonds of trust with parents and families and supporting parents in the identification of their developmental needs * provision of drop-in centres and parents' rooms in schools * provision of childcare facil ities so that parents can attend scheme activities Courses and Classes on: curricular areas so that parents can assist and support their children with their school work * personal development through parenting and assertiveness training * leisure activities * aspects of educational development which range from basic literacy to certificate examination subjects and diploma courses * the development of parents as home visitors, facilitators and classroom aides. Teachers Development for teachers in the liaison scheme is in the area of developing partnership and collaboration with parents in the interests of the children's education. This development includes: the promotion and establishment of a continuity in the children's transfer from home to school, and from primary to second level * an understanding of partnership in the context of the parents' role as the primary educators of their children * the development of attitudes and behaviours regarding the complementarity of parents' an d teachers' skills, knowledge and experiences in the enhancement of children's' learning * joint policy making between parents and teachers on issues such as homework, code of positive behaviour, study skills, attendance, substance misuse and home/school/community liaison.Child Plan: 1. Nutrition/Sleep behavior 2. Medical/Dental needs 3. Body Work/Exercise 4. Self Calm/Relaxation 5. Self- Care and Self Management 6. Child Attachment/Empathy 7. Stating Wants and Feelings 8. Social Relations 9. Play/Activities/Rewards 10. Daily Living Skills 11. Talent Build/Hobbies 12. Self Esteem Building 13. Pain/Illness Management 14. Anger/Aggression Management 15. Dealing with Loss and Grief 16. Strengthening Coping 17. Self Identity/Development 18. Individual/Group Therapy 19. Medication Family/Home Plan 1. Home/Food/Job/Insurance 2. Child Care/Respite 3.Help w/ Brothers/Sisters 4. Boundaries/Structure/Routine 5. Stress Control 6. Kin/Parenting Support 7. Family Sharing Time 8. Parent/Child Spe cial Time 9. Information/Education 10. Recognition/Awards 11. Chores/Pets/Roles 12. Leisure/Recreation 13. Celebrations/Rituals/Traditions 14. Cultural/Spiritual 15. Family Service Project 16. Behavior Mgt. Training 17. Family Counseling 18. Caregiver Treatment 19. Home Support Services 20. Celebrations/Rituals/Traditions 21. Cultural/Spiritual School/Education Plan 1. Family-School Bonding 2. Attendance Strategies 3. School Stress Reduction 4.Sense of Inclusion 5. Teacher/Child Compatibility 6. Friendship Building 7. Buddy/Activity Groups 8. Mentor/Coach/Student Tutor 9. Recognition Experiences 10. Assign Helpful Tasks 11. Positive Home Notes 12. Achievements/ Projects/Portfolio 13. Build on Strengths 14. Other Success Experiences 15. Learn Strategies/Self Management 16. After School Activities/Homework 17. Other Skill Building 18. Student Ed Occupation Plan 19. Individual Health Plan/504 Plan 20. IEP-Related Services 21. Family Education/Counsel Center 22. Marketable Skill Develop ment 23. Vocation/Education/Rehabilitation 24.Transition/Closure Community Plan 1. Safety Crisis Plan 2. Care w/ Trust, Respect, Hope 3. Network Building 4. Parent Support Groups 5. Parent Information Center 6. Parks and Recreation/Camp 7. Religious Affiliation 8. Cultural Advocacy 9. Health Program/PHN 10. Mental Health 11. Services for Persons with Disabilities 12. Home Visitation 13. Mentor/Work Experience 14. Volunteer Work 15. Monitoring Progress 16. Coordination of Services 17. Core Team 18. Family/Agency Wraparound 19. Family Preservation 20. Other Human Services 21. Substance/Abuse/Gang Prevention 22. Legal Advocacy/Court

Essay on Sociology Self and Society

Essay on Sociology Self and Society Essay on Sociology: Self and Society Essay on Sociology: Self and Society  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue regarding the role of appearance and beauty in contemporary society has been widely discussed in academic literature and the mass media sources. Beauty is not only biologically programmed to function in human representation, but also it is culturally constructed to address the culture of human societies (DeMello, 2007).   It has been found that human character can be better understood if there is a reflection of one’s sense of identity that can be found in the way an individual is dressed or how he/she behaves (Finkelstein, 2013). Psychologists state that there are many significant physical features that â€Å"both men and women are programmed to find beautiful, including smooth skin, thick shiny hair, and symmetrical faces and bodies† (DeMello, 2007, p. 28). Most people would agree with the fact that appearances could be created to impress others. For example, â€Å"dressing a fter a particular fashion is done in order to convey a certain impression†( Finkelstein, 2013, p. 1). Beauty is not an isolated quality, according to Plato, as beauty and appearance are associated with goodness. However, in some cases, the increased attention to beauty and appearance leads to the violation of effective functioning of the value system. Thesis statement: The emphasis on appearance and beauty in contemporary societies reflects and promotes a distorted system of value because inner beauty is often ignored by the individuals, who highlight the role of appearance in social interactions.The major goal of this paper is to discuss whether the emphasis on appearance and beauty in contemporary societies reflects and promotes a distorted system of value. In order to achieve the established goal it is necessary to discuss the role of appearance and beauty in contemporary society, the nature of the distorted system of value and the relationship between appearance and beauty and the accepted system of values.The role of appearance and beauty in contemporary societyAppearance and beauty play an important role in contemporary society because any individual can be judged by appearance, based on the fact that â€Å"the true mystery of the world is the visible, not the invisible† (Wilde, 2009, p. 49). The importance of beauty is learned by an individual from the early age. The values of society regarding the role of appearance and beauty cannot be kept from children who realize that unattractive men and women cannot become movie stars or leaders. Children are taught to accept the cult of beauty because parents and teachers are obsessed by the existing system of valuing human worth. In fairy tales, ugly characters are always wicked and ill-natured or unhappy because of the lack of outer beauty.Some people believe that outer beauty is a reflection of inner beauty because those people, who are in love, always look beautiful and attractive. In ancient cu ltures, the definition of beauty differed from modern cultures. Both men and women grow older and their beauty is said to grow with their age. This fact means that wisdom that comes with age can be valued as a deeper or inner beauty. According to researchers, â€Å"in today’s society looking good is more important than you would think†(Edom, 2011, p. 134). Psychologists point out to the fact that physical appearance does matter because it is associated with the traits of personality that influence human interaction and treatment. According to psychologist Nancy Etcoff, attractive people are â€Å"perceived as being nicer, smarter and more sociable,† and â€Å"more competent and moral than unattractive people† (qtd. in Edom, 2011, p. 134).The propaganda of the beauty ideal can be found in the mass media sources. In recent years, practically every newspaper, magazine and the Internet sources highlight the significance of appearance and beauty, providing pic tures of â€Å"enlarged breasts, whittled down waists, wrinkle-free foreheads, pumped up lips, reduced vaginas, etc† (Edom, 2011, p. 134).In addition, today everybody knows that human face is a reflection of beauty. Face can be perceived in different ways: â€Å"as a mask in social interaction,† â€Å"the face as art: makeup and plastic surgery† and â€Å"the face as battlefield: a source of ideological controversy† (Synott, 1989, p. 55). Face cannot be ignored in the process of human interaction because the beauty of face influences the effectiveness of interaction and the significance of the self. In other words, the beauty of face can be perceived as goodness. Actually, face reflects the character of an individual, making his/her appearance more attractive. Both Aristotle and Plato supported the idea of the significance of beauty in human interactions (Synott, 1989). According to Plato, beauty is identical to success, happiness and wisdom. Thus, the be auty of human face signifies not only attractiveness, but also wisdom.Nevertheless, there are several widely accepted assumptions, such as   sayings â€Å"beauty is only skin deep†, â€Å"appearances are deceptive† and â€Å"all that glitters is not gold† (Synott, 1989, p. 55). The ideology of beauty is controversial in its nature because face can be perceived not only as mask of the self, but also as the mirror of the soul, which reflects inner beauty. It is necessary to assess the role of cosmetic surgery, which promotes the ideal of beauty (Synott, 1989).The nature of the distorted system of value  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The distorted system of value is propagated in human society. Undoubtedly, a serious damage is done to children who do not understand the difference between outer beauty and inner beauty. The distorted system of value in relation to appearance and beauty is based on improper understanding of the notion of beauty, which i ncludes outer beauty and inner beauty.   According to researchers, the human soul has the capacity not only to deal with hardships, but also to reflect inner beauty. The purity of human soul helps to maintain a positive outlook on different life circumstances, avoiding the growth of negative experiences, such as oppression and discrimination (Canfield, 2002). It is necessary to match inner and outer beauty in order to use the power over others, especially in social interactions. This fact means that is an individual does not embody the outer beauty; he/she could use the beauty of the soul to succeed in interactions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A system of value is considered to be distorted if there is no harmony is social interactions. If the emphasis is placed on appearance and beauty in contemporary societies, the system of value will be distorted because the role of inner beauty is ignored. The distortion of moral values leads to damaged cultures and destroyed people. Today special attention is paid to the promotion of the ideal of beauty. Central role is given to moral transformation of individuals who ignore inner beauty. As a result, there are many critical responses to the promotion of cosmetic surgery, which ruins inner beauty, making people look perfect, but using face as a mask in social interaction.The relationship between appearance and beauty and the accepted system of values  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a close relationship between appearance and beauty and the accepted system of values. This relationship can be explained by individualism. People accept what is good in terms what is useful for them. Individualism is associated with selfishness, which promotes injustice in social interactions. According to Finkelstein (2013), â€Å"in the consumer culture of modern society, physical appearance has come to be seen as an important means for claiming a degree of social status† (p.2). Undoubtedly, this fact means that appearance and beauty can promote social inequality in human interactions. Many individuals are focused on using various strategies in order to improve their physical appearance. They tend to buy clothing made by world famous fashion designers, use individualized fitness programs to improve their physical forms, buy special sport equipment for home usage, attend yoga classes and follow strict diet regimes. These practices contribute to supporting the ideal of beauty, but ignore the system of values in some way. For them, physical appearance is of great importance.Certain implications of the question  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Certain implications of the question discussed in this paper are concluded in different perceptions of appearance and beauty. Some people would not agree with the fact that the emphasis on appearance and beauty in contemporary societies reflects and promotes a distorted system of value. They consider that attractiveness of oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s own appearance cannot express real character of an individual. They believe that it is necessary to judge an individual based on his/her personality traits, no matter what appearance he/she has. According to Finkelstein (2013), â€Å"this conflation of reality with appearance has a long tradition†(p.2). Moreover, appearance can be changed by employing a variety of cosmetics and specially developed devices. In contemporary society, it is easy to use conspiracy, which helps to create artificial complexion and body shape, but overlook the real representation of one’s own character. It is very important to understand the identity of an individual’s character to avoid any misunderstandings and misperceptions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the ideal of beauty is changing because the elements of appearance that can be perceived as attractive are changing. According to researchers, â€Å"the same themes are reworked and re-interprete d in each age†(Synott, 1989, p.73). This fact means cultural, social and even political changes influence the perception of appearance and beauty. For example, the growth of Black Nationalism has led to the perception of â€Å"black beauty†, while the growth of feminism movement has led to the â€Å"rejection of beauty trap† (Synott, 1989, p.73). These changes can have certain implications on the established perception of the ideal of beauty.The criteria for answering the questionThe criteria assumed for answering that question are based on individual perception of appearance and beauty. It is necessary to measure the extent to which the emphasis on appearance and beauty in contemporary societies reflects and promotes a distorted system of value. For example, in the 19-th century, both appearance and an individual’s character were very important in social interaction. Finkelstein (2013) provides Samuel Well’s explanation of the process of reading an individual’s character. He states that in most cases, â€Å"appearances are deceitful† (qtd. in Finkelstein, 2013, p. 5). In other words, it is crucial to associate an individual’s character with his/her physical appearance, but observe positive and negative features.The major problems addressed by the questionThe problems the question is asking to address include the problems of inequality and injustice that occur in the process of social interaction. According to Finkelstein (2013), it is necessary to have a deep understanding of human character from personal experiences because â€Å"appearances, styles and images have become an authoritative narrative of modern social life, which has a significant influence on our habits of sociality† (p. 9). For example, those individuals who have constructed powerful social identity and effectively use beauty and attractiveness to succeed in social indications can have negative attitudes toward others.   In gener al, the problems addressed by the question that has been raised in this paper require prompt and adequate solutions. Beauty and appearance should not promote conflict between individuals through distortion of the accepted system of value.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the emphasis on appearance and beauty in contemporary societies reflects and promotes a distorted system of value. There is a close relationship between appearance and beauty and the accepted system of values because the ideology of beauty contributes to the promotion of ignorance regarding the real traits of character, making individuals selfish and self-absorbed. Individualism that is caused by the increased attention of contemporary societies to cosmetic surgery leads to the violation of the functioning of the value system.

Janus Words

Janus Words Janus Words Janus Words By Maeve Maddox The Roman god Janus–the personification of a Latin word meaning â€Å"doorway†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwas depicted as having two faces, each pointing in opposite directions. He was the god of doorways and gateways, beginnings and endings. The term â€Å"Janus words† is applied to words that can mean opposites. A common example is the verb cleave, which can mean either, â€Å"to stick together† or â€Å"to cut apart†: Gawain cleaves off the strangers head in one blow, but the stranger does not die. And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? –Matthew 19:5, KJV. Such words are variously known as auto-antonyms, antilogies, enantiodromes, and contranyms. Because of the long-established term antonym as the word for â€Å"a word that is the opposite or antithesis of another,† it seems that auto-antonym is the most practical choice. Here are three examples of auto-antonyms: Sanguine The adjective sanguine is from the Latin for â€Å"bloody.† It can be used in a literal sense: â€Å"The sanguine murders were the work of a serial killer.† In medieval philosophy, people were believed to be governed by the â€Å"four humours†: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.† These humors embodied certain characteristics: blood: courageous, hopeful, amorous yellow bile: easily angered, bad-tempered black bile: despondent, sleepless, irritable phlegm: calm, emotional Someone of a â€Å"sanguine temperament,† for example, is governed by a cheerful disposition. The auto-antonym sanguine can mean either â€Å"bloody, bloodthirsty,† or â€Å"cheerful, loving.† Sanction The verb sanction comes from a Latin noun, sanctionem, which meant something that was so important or sacred that it was required; the law even imposed a penalty for failure to perform it. Both good and bad notions, therefore, attached to the word. As an English verb, sanction can mean either, â€Å"to endorse or authorize,† or â€Å"to punish.† For example, Court will sanction Prenda lawyers if they don’t appear April 2 (i.e., will punish them) Illinois Becomes 20th State to Sanction Therapeutic Use of Cannabis (i.e., approve) Dust The verb dust originated with a Germanic noun that probably meant â€Å"that which rises or is blown in a cloud, like vapor, smoke, or dust. † In modern usage, the verb dust can mean either â€Å"to remove dust particles from a surface,† or â€Å"to sprinkle dust particles on a surface.† For example, I want you to dust the furniture before the guests arrive. (remove the dust) The last step is to dust the cake with powdered sugar. (apply a dusting of sugar) The use of auto-antonyms usually offers no difficulty to native speakers because the meaning is usually clear from their context. ESL speakers may have trouble with them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceTime Words: Era, Epoch, and Eonâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†